Coating or plastic



'luo. uuwlruomuws,

COATING R PLASTIC.

JAMES P. SCOTT, OF PHILADELPHIA SAME PLACE.

PATENT OFFICE.

, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE AMERICAN ARTIFICIAL STONE PAVEMENT COMPANY, (LIMITED,) OF

MANUFACTURE OFCQMPOSITE PAVEMENT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 318,043, dated May 19, 1885.

Application filed March .To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, JAMES P. Soorr, a citig zen of the United States, residing in the city of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, haveinveuted certain new and useful Improvements in Manufacture of Composite Pavement,

of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to the manufacture of artificial stone pavement in which the pavement is built up in the usual manner in layers, first, of a foundation; second, of con crete; and, lastly, a top surface of composite; and it consists in preparing such top surface 1 or pavement proper by uniting hydrated silicate of calcium and alumina in the form of Portland or Roman cement with hydraulic limestone and applying the same over the layer of concrete while in a plastic state, so that when hardened by the action of the atmosphere the resultant surface will be an artificial stone. M""ithas been aommon practice in laying ,5; composition pavements to use a sub-bed of con- 2 crete over a foundation of slag, cinder, broken stone, &c., and with a sulTicTe bed of cement having small pieces of broken stone embedded in its surface; but the difficulty with such has been to attain anything approaching homo- 0 geneity between thecement and the crushed or broken stone forming the surface-bed. In consequence such pavements have always proved ineffective and liable to speedy deterioration and destruction from moisture and changes of 3 5 temperature, various expedients-such as dividing into blocks, &c.being resorted to to prevent such result. With my composition blocks or sheets of any size can be used which will not be injuriously affected by the causes 40 meptinnpd /""'I have discovered that by adding to Port:

land or Roman cement any natural stone contaming 1n a natural state the same principal elements--viz: calcium and alu-minafouud in such cement, (the stones being crushed or broken into small cubes or pieces,) the resultant product will be a practically homogeneous mass. As these cements mentioned are obtained by calcining argillaceous stone con- 21, 1885. (No specimens.)

Al notably h draulic limestone mar c alk contain t'fii's'c' ompos1Ti'o'u' 1n e natural s a e, and these are to be crushed orbrokenin o iecesorcub arterinch or smaller in face and mixed in about e ual propggions with th e cement described a n d" oroug 'yaiiiaigamated, with the addi tion of water to the mass to render the mixture plastic and capable of being spread.

I do not confine myself to using equal proportions of crushed limestone and cement, as they may vary for different purposes without changing the character and result of my invention.

In laying a, pavement in this manner the ground is dug out to a depth varying according to the nature of the soil, climate, and the strain to which the pavement is to be put. A foundation-bed is laid of slag, cinder, brick, stone, or other material free from earthy matter, and upon this is placed a sub-surface from one to several inches in thickness, of concrete or cement and broken stone, slag, or gravel, \in varying proportions, preferably two of the former to three of the latter, and finally upon his is spread my new surface composition, hich may be di vjded off into squares or looks, the under or sub surface being rolled r compressed in the usual manner before layng the wearing or surface composition. This omposition,prepared and applied in the maner described, produces a strong and durable pavement, not liable to deteriorate from the [action of the atmosphere, and that will stand any reasonable strain, wearing evenly, and that will not be inj uriously affected by changes of temperature.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is 1. A composite or wearing surface for a pavement or-etheranalogeus-use, composed of Portland or other natural cement containing silicate of calcium and alumina thoroughly meuwith any hydrauliFIfifistone that contains or is composed of calcium, alumina,and silica broken or crushed into small cubes or taining silicate of alumina, the stone being pieces, substantially as set forth.

2. The herein-described mode of making an artificial stone for pavementand other analogous use, consisting in breaking or crushing into small cubes of pieces natural hydraulic 5 limestone which contains or is composed of calcium and alumina, and adding thereto Portland or other natural cement containing silicate of calcium and alumiua,and thoroughly amalgamatiug the same with snfiicient water 10 to reduce the mixture to a plastic state, and

molding or spreading the same ovcrasuitable foundation as a wearing-surface, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto affixed my signature this 20th dayof March, A. 15

JAMES I. SCOTT. YVitnesses:

FRANCIS S. BROWN, H. T. FENTON. 

